Confucianism

Confucianism, which is based on the philosophies and teachings of Chinese philosopher Confucius, is a set of values and beliefs that arose around the same time as Daoism. Whereas Daoism focuses more on the order of things within nature, Confucianism tends to put more emphasis on human constructs and social norms. A core tenet of both Daoism and Confucianism is the notion that the “way of heaven” is well-balanced and maintained, and that all things must flow with the balance of heaven in order to maintain a peaceful state of being.

One of the major aspects of Confucianism is the idea of filial piety, which is seen as a necessary part of a well-maintained society. It is believed by many Chinese philosophers that humanity’s moral nature is a manifestation of sacred energy, giving reason to celebrate good-spirited action, such as taking care of relatives. It is believed that human beings are primarily good, and the ultimate goal of Confucianism is to harness that virtue in order to create a well-balanced, highly-functioning society.

There are many concepts that are shared by both Daoism and Confucianism. For example, yin and yang are used in both philosophies to represent the idea of duality; that an explicit multiplicity can be compatible with an implied unity. Another commonality between the two religions is the idea of “Li”, which does nothave an exact English translation. Li can best be understood as the pattern of grain on wood, or the way the clouds are arranged in the sky. By observing the “disorganized organization” of nature, and by acting in accordance with Li, balance and virtue will come to the individual and the community.